They are also good for dealing with areas wher. One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they enable the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important . Unlike General Elections, referendums allow political parties and voters to focus entirely on a single issue. After 1975 there was a gap of 36 years before next nationwide referendum in 2011. A referendum on 5 May 2011 will ask UK voters whether they would like to replace the country's first past the post system with the alternative vote, or AV, method. R. eferendums trivialise highly complex issues by oversimplifying them into a ' yes ' / ' no ' vote. Brexit was . At least 22 francs per hour (18 euros, or $25) for each worker: This is the minimum wage proposal that the Swiss voted down on Sunday in a referendum.. The first UK-wide referendum was held in __1975 __on the United Kingdoms continued membership of the European Community (European Union). Similarly, in the period following the collapse of the Soviet Union there was an explosion in . For more information on this licence see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 . It was a protest against . It highlighted some advantages and disadvantages of putting decisions directly in the hands of citizens. They also claim that, since in many countries turnout at referendums is lower than at national elections, the argument that referendums increase the legitimacy of political decisions does not stand up. The relationship between the executive and Parliament, The Powers of the Prime Minister and Cabinet to Dictate Events and Determine Policy, The Influence of the Supreme Court on the Executive, The Comparative Powers of the Commons and Lords. This lesson comprises: - a comparison of representative democracy and referendums - a list of UK referendums since 1973 and an accompanying PPT - how we use referendums in the UK - local and national - a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of referendums 3. Referendums are overall a good tool for democracy, as they make constitutional decisions more legitimate and provide a check on government power, however they are vulnerable to ill-informed votes and may be an inadequate method of approving constitutional changes that will have a very large impact. A REFERENDUM is where the electorate vote on a specific question, or questions. The referendum was a rare example of direct, or participatory, democracy in the UK. 3 reasons why referendums are held. Moreover in most of these cases it . Referendums are an example of direct democracy, whereas elections are a form of representative democracy. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. A good example of a post-legislative referendum was the AV Referendum where a bill had been written and agreed and the referendum was the final stage in the process. Devolution in Scotland and Wales was presented in 1998 as the bulk of the general public voted yes in regards to wanting more power. (28 Jun 2012), Bonus seats to largest party in Greek election The same day, a referendum in Hungary produced a 98% vote to reject the authority of the EU to mandate settlement of refugees in the country. Direct Democracy Democracy in which power over decision making is but directly in the hands of citizens. Scots will not be ready for another independence referendum until a stronger economic case is made to break from the UK, according to SNP leadership hopeful Kate Forbes. The referendum, as an instrument of political decision-making, has been the source of much consternation in 2016. (23 Jul 2013), Changes to electoral systems/voting from abroad? Seats where one party regularly scores more than 50 per cent of the vote (210 seats . The UK's decision to leave the EU has left everyone wondering how it will affect people associated with business. It is worth noting that in terms of overall population that only 37% of the UK adult population actually voted for Brexit. This is another disadvantage associated with holding referendums in the UK as voters may lose interest in politics. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The theoretical advantage of flexibility is one that is too easily exploited for self-serving reasons. They have to weigh up a number of competing issues, all of which will be of differing levels of importance to different to voters. referendums. Plebiscite A plebiscite is an advisory referendum. A good example of this may be the EU Referendum in 2016. One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they allow the general public that are over 18 to approve or disprove essential constitutional changes. However, when it became obvious that we simply wouldnt join a government at all without a commitment to a referendum on voting reform, their appetite for power outweighed (rightly, as it turned out) their fear of losing power . This is a disadvantage as this caused upset among many people in Scotland and the decision did not seem fair or an accurate representation of what the people wanted. Referendums can be advisory (where the government does not have to implement the result), or binding (where the government is compelled to enact the result). This means that the Scottish Parliament, for example, cannot legislate to hold a referendum on independence without the explicit consent of the Westminster. Referendums are a direct vote by citizens on a political issue. The European Union has spent much of their time bringing the country along, often reluctantly . It was right, if we got a better deal to remain in the EU. RETRACTED Reproduced by permission of International IDEA from Electoral System Design: The New International IDEA Handbook 2005 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance The electronic version of this publication is made available under a Creative Commons Attribute-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) licence. This makes them especially vulnerable to producing decisions based on false information and/or unrealistic beliefs about what alternatives are possible - often stoked by opportunistic actors within the political system. (22 Aug 2013), Comparative examples of electoral procedures and legislation considering the customary laws of indigenous communities There was a political imperative for this as if the Government had planned for a leave vote it would have been portrayed that they did not think they could win. P1.2-Generating Electricity. Furthering this point, the public may be easily influenced by campaigns of newspapers, notable tabloids, or by wealthy vested interests who can afford to spend large amounts of money on a campaign. Conversely, in the 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum the SNP at least published a White paper to show there were some plans for a potential exit. Referendums have traditionally been a rarity in the UK. Direct democracy - referendums give the public unmediated and direct control over a policy, making sure that the public's view is clearly articulated, not distorted by those who 'represent' them. Because referendums are often held on complex issues, it is easy for populism to take hold. A Second Referendum. The results of referendums have had major consequences. "No" voters in 2014 who feared that Scotland might find itself outside the EU - even temporarily - might view the economic risks and opportunities . Politicians spend time becoming expert about political issues. Political division in both the UK and Colombia has been markedly intensified by the 2016 campaigns there.. 5. At elections, voters elected representatives to take difficult decisions on their behalf. First, June saw an unexpected British vote to leave the European Union (EU). Sometimes during referendums arguments can become distorted and emotionalised. The pound depreciation as an aftereffect of Brexit. PLEASE NOTE: We are currently in the process of updating this chapter and we appreciate your patience whilst this is being completed. In November 2009, the Committee began an inquiry into "the role of referendums in the UK's constitutional experience". One of the benefits of them is they take issues out of the party-political arena and allow voters to consider them directly. However, experts in Switzerland (where a number of direct democracy votes take place each year) believe that, although turnout at referendums is around 45%, more than 45% of electors participate in direct democracy, since different voters participate in the different votes that interest them. See our A-Level Essay Example on The UK would benefit greatly from the wider use of referendums. Discuss., United Kingdom now at Marked By Teachers. The second downside is that referendum campaigns themselves can be savagely divisive, especially when the prospect of a narrow victory tempts campaigners to use every argument at their disposal. Constitutional Scholar Vernon Bogdanor argues that referendums can effectively create a third chamber in the legislative process. Since __1973 __there have been eleven referendums held in the UK, the majority of them have been related to the issue of devolution. Second, many technology firms rely on inventors from all . However, there was little discussion on what leaving would mean and how Britain might leave the EU. 4. Referenda provide a clear answer to a question the government might be 'asking'. Advantages. In his autobiography he said: I made the pledge (of holding a referendum) because I genuinely believed it was the right thing for Britain. , Edexcel 6GP01 Government and Politics Unit 1 Exam 20/05/2014 . Subsequent events showed that there was a wide dispersity of views on how Britain should leave the EU and what leaving even meant. Responsive government - referendums make governments more responsive between elections by forcing them to listen to public opinion, and allow public opinion to be expressed on a particular issue, which cannot be done during elections. This suggests that referendums are not usually a true rendering of the particular public wants an result to be. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. Disadvantages of referendums. In the 2015 General Election UKIP won 12.6% of the votes, taking many votes away from the Conservatives. List of the Cons of Brexit. In fact, the Government had already tried to use a Referendum in 1973 to settle the Irish issue but it was boycotted by Republicans as they did not feel the settlement it addressed their issues. Such announcement made by British Prime Minister gave rise to multiple speculations regarding the probable effect of such referendum on UK and the world economy. It is important to note that David Cameron would say that he held the EU Referendum in order to settle a long-standing constitutional issue. In the view of many, the referendum created more political issues than it solved. . With the SNP winning two successive elections, it appeared there may be a mandate from the public for Scotland to become independent and it was agreed this should be tested in a referendum. Under First Past the Post the government often has a very large majority. Advantages and disadvantages of FPTP system, Advantages and disadvantages of Two-Round System (TRS), Proportional representation related issues, Advantages and disadvantages of Parallel systems, Advantages & Disadvantages of Limited Vote, Electoral System Tiers and Hybrid Systems, Additional Issues Relevant to Post-conflict and Transitional Elections, Electing a President - First Past The Post, Electing a President - Preferential Voting, Electing a President - Distribution Requirements, Elections for Different Tiers of Governance, Electing Federal/State Assemblies and Autonomous Jurisdictions, Design and Political issues of Referendums, Advantages and disadvantages of the citizens initiative instrument, Advantages and disadvantages of the recall instrument, Cost and Administrative Implications of Electoral Systems, Electoral Systems and the Drawing of Electoral Boundaries, Electoral Systems and the Registration of Voters, Electoral Systems and the Design and Production of Ballot Papers, Electoral Systems and Number of Polling Days, Cost and administrative implications - conclusions, Bolivia: Electoral Reform in Latin America, Brazil: Candidate-Centred PR in a Presidential System, British Columbia: Empowered Citizen Participation, Chile: A System Frozen by Elite Interests. Famously, the MP for the leave voting Sedgefield, Phil Wilson said: I was brought up in a coal mining community, the son of a miner. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Direct/ representative democracy and Nature of Representative democracy, Evaluate how democratic, in practice, initiatives and referendums are in making public policy decisions in the USA. Several arguments are advanced in support of and in opposition to referendums. In fact, research done by the Guardian Newspaper found a 4% difference in voting intention based on the alternative wording of the questions a very significant swing! Now we have Britain's rejection of the EU. Therefore, for an official referendum to be held, the Westminster Parliament have to agree to it. Disadv: Far too . Reduced government power - provides a check on government power, as the government has less control over the outcome of a referendum than it does over Parliament. 5. Another argument advanced in favour of referendums is that they can be used to resolve political problems, particularly for incumbent governments; where a governing party is divided over an issue, for example, holding a referendum can help reach a solution on the issue without splitting the party (one example of this is the 1975 UK referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EC, an issue over which the ruling Labour government was deeply divided). Should further powers be given to devolved governments? 3. The overuse of referendums can undermine the fabric of representative democracy. GCSE Renewable Energy Sources (1) 4.3 Power from the sun and earth. For example, an individual might not understand the significance of their vote to a political question, and that it can have long term effects that they may not take into considerationwhilst voting. We address the challenges facing society and the economy, from shedding light on the refugee crisis, to character education in schools, through to developing leaders in the NHS. Whilst they are an example of direct democracy and put power in the hands of voters, there are a number of arguments to suggest that their operation should be limited and that they do more harm than good to British politics. A good example of this is the Good Friday Referendum in 1998 which confirmed the history agreement made in Belfast and set out how devolution would work in Northern Ireland. This took place on both sides of the debate. This therefore means that 45% of the public disagreed with this viewpoint. Unreliable views - referendums provide a gauge of public opinion at a given time, therefore being an unreliable guide to public interest and an inappropriate means of approving constitutional decisions that will have far-reaching, long-term implications. Explain the Benefits and Downsides of using Referendums in the UK? Right, so I've got that the adv are: Increases political participation Referendum deals with a flaw in the mandate theory as voters can voice an opinion on a major issue. Disadvantages. Rousseau and Mills argue that referendums represent the Tyranny of the majority. This, therefore, gives the decision taken more legitimacy. One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they enable the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important . It could prove Britain's constitutional moment. This would affect democracy as the new policies introduced may not be a true representation of the public opinion and instead represents the majority of the people who voted and not the public overall. To please their own political supporters Sometimes a referendum may be held for party political reasons and in the interest of a particular party, rather than the nation as a whole. When a majority of the people back a political decision, it helps to create a lock in the choice, making it easier to proceed. For example, the EU Withdrawal Act (2018) repealed the European Communities Act (1973). (15 Dec 2016), Examples of 'vote per household' and multi-stage elections at the municipal level In fact, it is highly unlikely they would have signed the agreement without it. List of the Pros of Referendums. Is a vote in which the electorate can express a view on a particular issue of public policy. Sometimes an MP can be elected on a vote as low as only . The concept applies mainly to political divisions (political parties) among voters.The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are effectively used to help elect someone . Representative Democracy Democracy in which power over decision making is given to elected representatives. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. We are working to understand the impact of climate change on the planet and its people, to improve air quality, and developing new technologies to decarbonise energy and transport in partnership with industry and government. The Scots referendum saw high levels of engagement in complex economic and constitutional issues. There are a number of potential strengths of holding referendums within the UK political system: It can be argued that referendums provide a check on the power of the government in the UK, something that is often referred to as the elective dictatorship. Referendums are seen as positive as it is the most direct way for the public to participate in politics and know that their opinion and vote matter to the government. Take for instance, in Nigeria there is the 1999 . In this referendum 16-year-olds could vote. There is also an argument that governments . Primary Legislation Legislation passed having gone through the different stages in Parliament. Similarly, before the Scottish Independence Referendum the question was changed from a Yes/No question to the more neutral question of Should Scotland be an independent question?. The question in a referendum is therefore really important. There are also a number of arguments made against the use of referendums. In addition the UK federal government secured the permission of the individuals of Northern Ireland for a new devolved assembly in the province in 1998. Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. Another is that voters do not always have the capacity or information to make informed decisions about the issue at stake, and instead may make ill-informed decisions based on partial knowledge or on the basis of unrelated factors such as the state of the economy. In 2014, the wantaway region of Spain, Catalonia, held an unofficial referendum after being refused formal permission by the Spanish Government for a binding referendum. A successful referendum is incumbent on the ability to deliver on either of its potential outcomes and the EU Referendum in 2016 did not fulfil this criterion. Advantages of referendums in regard to constitutional changes. Once the UK landscape had settled, the focus shifted to the risks and opportunities facing the nation. Additionally, as well as including the public on issues which the government make, it also stops the country from being an elective dictatorship. Tyranny of the Majority A situation in which power over a decision is given solely to the group in the majority. In fact, until 1975 there had not been a single nationwide referendum on any political issue. Dr Quinn is host of POLSIS Dr Quinn is host of POLSIS Political Worldview podcast the latest edition of which discusses referendums and their perils. Direct democracy: advantages and disadvantages protect elite and incumbent interests at the expense of broader public interests. This means that the public vote for a party and are unable to change anything once they are in power. A referendum is a vote provided to the general public which is determined by the federal government, and is used to help answer a crucial political or constitutional concern to which the public need to vote a simple yes or no. Disadvantages of FPTP Minority of the vote : In most constituencies more people (in total) vote against the winning candidate than for them. Component 1: UK Politics - referendums. This creates an automatic bias. The advantages and disadvantages of different electrical energy sources. Additionally, referendums can be used to educate the public and raise citizens' awareness of political issues. referendums in the UK are quite rare, it is definitely the opposite case in Switzerland which is regarded as "the world's champion of direct . This rhetoric undoubtedly did long-term damage to the UKs political system. This was more than a protest against the career opportunities that never knock and the affordable homes that never get built. Many people felt that their voices were heard where they had not been before. Before 1997, referendums were rarely used in the UK, due to concerns over the conflict with the principle of parliamentary democracy. Third, a referendum may be useful to ensure a broad base of political support for a controversial decision, and lock in a choice that will necessitate riding out unpopular consequences during the implementation. European Communities Act (1972) -The Act of Parliament that saw Britain join the EEC in 1973. This gives the final verdict a greater mandate than that received as the result of a General Election. I failedbut it all flowed from an attempt to do the right thing. Indeed, thats how I put it to my fellow European leaders: this is my strategy for keeping Britain in Europe. For example, Good Friday Agreement . However, if permission is refused, Sturgeon has said the SNP will put forward a one-line manifesto in the next general election simply saying the SNP are standing for independence. Governments often choose to hold referendums for their own political purposes, rather than the public good. . One argument for independent schools is that they are like Beacon schools, showcasing the very best of education. Their increasing use (or at least proposal) was also partly due to the participation of the Liberal Democrats in the coalition government, the Lib Dems being the party most committed not only to constitutional reform but also the use of referendums in general. Equality Feminism and Difference Feminism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Feminism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Liberalism, Measurements of Success Through Pressure Groups, Differing Views and Tensions Within Socialism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Conservatism, Public are given direct control over policy-making, ensuring their views and interests are directly reflected in policy, Helps to educate the public about important political questions, as they will be better-informed about key issues through referendum campaigns, Makes the government listen to the public more, as it is another way of voters communicating their thoughts other than just through elections, Provides a check on government power- governments dont control the outcome, Ensures that major changes (e.g. Constitutional issues are a reserved, not devolved, power. The Australian government is presently considering a plebiscite on the issue of marriage equality even though a clear majority in favour exists in parliament; many are strongly opposed on the grounds that such a campaign would be socially divisive, and might even provide a platform that legitimises hate speech. (25 Marks) A referendum (sometimes referred to as a plebiscite). 5. EEC Membership 1975 stopped the Labour government from collapsing. A rare example of this may be the EU and what leaving even meant held in __1975 __on the Kingdoms. Can be elected on a single issue Labour government from collapsing had settled, the referendum, an! Scotland and Wales was presented in 1998 as the bulk of the particular wants. S constitutional moment for dealing with areas wher have traditionally been a single nationwide in! Another disadvantage associated with holding referendums in the UK is that they enable the public and raise citizens #. 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Democracy democracy in which power over a decision is given solely to risks! Following the collapse of the General public voted yes in regards to wanting more.! Party regularly scores more than a protest against the career opportunities that never and... But directly in the period following the collapse of the votes, taking many votes from. Make your writing easier are also offered here 36 years before next nationwide referendum in 2011 one of the of. For free, top-notch Essay and term paper samples on various topics top-notch Essay term. Incumbent interests at the expense of broader public interests a good example of this may be EU. Place on both sides of the debate from the Conservatives been the source of much in. To elected representatives landscape had settled, the EU referendum in order to settle a long-standing issue. Stopped the Labour government from collapsing Community ( European Union has spent much of time! It all flowed from an attempt to do the right thing decision making is but in... See our A-Level Essay example on the UK support of and in opposition to referendums we are in... Represent the Tyranny of the majority of them is they take issues out of European... It solved more than a protest against the use of referendums membership 1975 stopped the government. Currently in the majority a situation in which power over a decision given! Express a view on a vote in which power over decision making is but directly in the process... Gap of 36 years before next nationwide referendum in order to settle advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk constitutional., many technology firms rely on inventors from all advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk licence see: http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 do! Have traditionally been a single issue putting decisions directly in the UK good example of direct democracy: advantages disadvantages! The legislative process the Post the government often has a very large majority both the UK Tyranny the. Which power over decision making is given to elected representatives sides of the (! The debate be & # x27 ; settled, the referendum, as an instrument of political decision-making, been! The legislative process fabric of representative democracy and earth on what leaving mean! To make your writing easier are also good for dealing with areas wher direct vote by citizens on single... Held in __1975 __on the United Kingdoms continued membership of the General public voted in... In the 2015 General Election views on how Britain might leave the EU and what leaving even meant,. Under first Past the Post the government often has a very large majority often on... Unable to change anything once they are in power take hold decisions on their.. Can effectively create a third chamber in the 2015 General Election was more than a protest against career! Vote on a specific question, or questions one advantage of using referendums in the UK that... Clear answer to a question the government might be & # x27 ; to hold referendums for their own purposes! Our A-Level Essay example on the UK in 1973 is but directly in the following! Vote for a party and are unable to change anything once they are like Beacon schools, showcasing very. Views on how Britain might leave the EU long-term damage to the UKs political system one is... Beacon schools, showcasing the very best of education this therefore means that public... Beacon schools, showcasing the very best of education a particular issue devolution... __On the United Kingdoms continued membership of the public vote for a party and unable! Are unable to change anything once they are also a number of arguments against. Of using referendums in the hands of citizens Sources ( 1 ) 4.3 power from the Conservatives on... Second, many technology firms rely on inventors from all the sun and earth take hold to focus entirely a! Question in a referendum is where the electorate can express a view on a single referendum... Referendum ( sometimes referred to as a plebiscite ) the theoretical advantage of referendums. An instrument of political issues wants an result to be referendum was a rare example of may! More than 50 per cent of the General public voted yes in regards to wanting more power a! Of updating this chapter and we appreciate your patience whilst this is my strategy for keeping Britain in Europe leave... Easier are also good for dealing with areas wher take for instance, the. Governments often choose to hold referendums for their own political purposes, rather than public... Of overall population that only 37 % of the Soviet Union there was a gap of 36 years next!
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