These ulcers can cause different symptoms, depending on where they are. Hemophilia is a genetic condition that prevents your blood from properly clotting. If you have an upper GI bleed, you might be given an IV drug known as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to suppress stomach acid production. But certain foods may help fight the cause of your stomach ulcer. They can help determine what could be causing your ulcer and recommend appropriate treatments that will help it heal properly. As a small thank you, wed like to offer you a $30 gift card (valid at GoNift.com). If you have the infection, antibiotics and other drugs can help fight the bacteria and ease symptoms. All rights reserved. While some ulcers may be able to heal on their own, many do not. Black stool can be caused by taking certain medications, eating foods that contain food dyes, or consuming . This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Peptic ulcer disease (adult). journals.lww.com/gastroenterologynursing/Citation/2019/09000/PEPTIC_ULCER_DISEASE.10.aspx, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6140150/, jmedpharm.com/index.php/home/article/view/94/106, nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/stomach-ulcer, nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer-and-duodenal-ulcer, niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/symptoms-causes, nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/treatment/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832644/, Stomach Ulcers and What You Can Do About Them. These medicines include: People who take NSAIDs and have a peptic ulcer may need to stop taking NSAIDs temporarily. When did you first begin experiencing symptoms? If you're infected with H. pylori, your breath sample will contain the radioactive carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. Treatment will depend on how severe the. Most ulcers heal in 4 to 8 weeks. Ratnaparikh P, et al. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? For a long time, it was thought that ulcers were due to: People with ulcers were advised to make lifestyle changes such as reducing stress and adopting a bland diet. AllScripts EPSi. Those who do experience symptoms often find them quite noticeable. If you have any symptoms of an ulcer, make an appointment with a healthcare provider to get a diagnosis and start treatment. Your child's doctor can diagnose the underlying cause and prescribe treatment to help. The stomach produces powerful acids that are necessary for digestion. If the endoscopy shows an ulcer in your stomach, a follow-up endoscopy should be performed after treatment to show that it has healed, even if your symptoms improve. National Cancer Institute. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. An EGD test examines the lining of your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. H. pylori is a common bacteria that may cause pain and increase the risk of ulcers or stomach cancer. Antacids neutralize existing stomach acid and can provide rapid pain relief. They are a type of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking and continued use of NSAIDs will impede healing. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/h-pylori-fact-sheet. This article looks at the symptoms, causes, treatment, and complications of bleeding ulcers. Depending on which test is used, you may need to discontinue the medication for a period of time because antacids can lead to false-negative results. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat a stomach ulcer caused by the H. pylori bacterium. You should also avoid taking NSAIDs going forward. Usually treatment will involve killing the H. pylori bacterium if present, eliminating or reducing use of NSAIDs if possible, and helping your ulcer to heal with medication. This way, doctors can visualize the ulcers on your stomach and determine if any are bleeding . Excessive ulcer bleeding is a medical emergency. According to research, about 10% of the population deal with a peptic ulcer at some point in their lives. (2021). NSAIDs can irritate or inflame the lining of your stomach and small intestine, leading to a peptic ulcer. NSAIDs also reduce the ability of your blood to clot, which can make a bleeding ulcer much more dangerous. Are Stomach Ulcers Visible on an Ultrasound? Bleeding can be mild and ongoing or come on suddenly and be life-threatening. Symptoms that an ulcer may be starting to bleed and may require prompt medical attention include: pale skin shortness of breath with activity fatigue lightheadedness worsening abdominal pain that. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Dr. Prokupek has over 30 years of medical experience and specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the liver, stomach, and colon, including chronic hepatitis C, colon cancer, hemorrhoids, anal condyloma, and digestive diseases related to chronic immune deficiency. Steph Coelho is a freelance health writer, web producer, and editor based in Montreal. Without the right treatment, stomach ulcers can lead to more serious complications. Along with the nausea, you may experience notable changes in your appetite and unexpected weight loss. Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic medication for 2 weeks if you have the H. pylori bacteria, and/or prescribe an acid-suppressing medication that youll take for 4-6 additional weeks. Internal bleeding: While most people with ulcers won't have bleeding, this is the most common complication that can occur. time. However, if your pain gets worse or doesnt go away, and you experience symptoms like bloody stools, bloody vomit, or dizziness, it may be a sign of a more serious complication. 11th ed. The doctor will test your stool for blood, which can indicate the presence of a bleeding ulcer in your stomach or small intestine. Usually antacids will be your safest bet, but some other pain relievers can work. ", https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354223, http://patients.gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/, https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/how-should-i-collect-and-store-a-stool-faeces-sample.aspx?CategoryID=69, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229, https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/medical-tests/hw1531#hw1601, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3811928/, https://familydoctor.org/condition/ulcers/, https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/peptic-ulcer.html. Esophageal ulcers can also cause bleeding over time, which can lead to low blood counts. If you dont receive our email within 5 minutes, check your SPAM folder, then contact us Peptic ulcer disease and helicobacter pylori infection. It attacks the stomachs mucous lining, allowing acid to penetrate and damage the tissues. Symptoms & causes of peptic ulcers (stomach or duodenal ulcers). Although there are home remedies you can try and over-the-counter (OTC) medications you can take, many ulcers wont heal properly unless you address the underlying cause. AskMayoExpert. 5. It can also perforate your stomach or small intestine, infecting your abdominal cavity. Treatment for peptic ulcers depends on the cause. Healing peptic ulcers. What happens if a stomach ulcer goes untreated? Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. However, your doctor may give you a medication to relax you. A slow bleeding ulcer can cause anemia or even severe blood loss. The pain is more intense when the stomach is empty and lasts for a few to several hours. Home treatments can help with pain management. Stomach ulcers most often heal within 4 to 8 weeks. Lupus medications or flare ups can cause mouth sores or ulcers. Last Updated: October 25, 2022 Depending on what your diagnosis is, your doctor may recommend one or more of the following treatments for your stomach ulcer. Doctors often treat peptic ulcers with medications that block or reduce stomach acid. An exception is in individuals who are very ill, such as those in a critical care hospital unit. You may need treatment and monitoring in the hospital. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, ZES is rare, occurring in only 0.5 to 3 out of every 1 million people. Youre at higher risk for developing ulcers if you: The first-line treatment for ulcers caused by NSAIDs involves medication such as: If an H. pylori infection is causing your ulcer, a doctor will also prescribe antibiotics to kill any H. pylori bacteria in your digestive tract. If you notice symptoms of a bleeding ulcer, such as moderate burning in your upper abdomen, recurring feelings of nausea, or blood in your vomit or stool, visit an Urgent Care center or emergency room immediately, since a hemorrhaging ulcer can be life-threatening. A biopsy can also identify whether H. pylori is in your stomach lining. Your doctor is more likely to recommend endoscopy if you are older, have signs of bleeding, or have experienced recent weight loss or difficulty eating and swallowing. H. pylori is a common bacteria that may cause pain and increase the risk of ulcers or stomach cancer. References But some potential symptoms of ulcers may include: If an ulcer is bleeding, you may also experience: Often, people dont know they have a bleeding ulcer. An ulcer can . Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Additionally, black stool can result from bleeding ulcers, oesophagitis, cancer of the stomach or duodenum, and mallory-weiss tears. Take the medication as directed. Most peptic ulcers have clear causes. (2022). The biggest warning signs are if you have blood, either red or black blood, in your stool. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Even if a stomach ulcer does get better over time, its likely to recur unless the root cause of the stomach ulcer is treated. Take all medications as directed. Learn about symptoms, complications, and more. An esophageal tear usually resolves without treatment in a few days, just like a cut anywhere else. If you suspect that you may have a bleeding ulcer, schedule an appointment with your doctor. Antibiotic medications to kill H. pylori. An untreated ulcer that swells or scars can block your digestive tract. This article has been viewed 425,901 times. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. A person living with ulcers does not typically need to follow a special diet. Last medically reviewed on January 5, 2023. However, some ulcers are located in the small intestine (called duodenal ulcers). Have you ever vomited blood or black material? Your doctor will prescribe medication that blocks acid production to heal the ulcer. Well walk you through the. Talk to your doctor before the procedure to discuss any premedication that you will be given. An antrectomy procedure removes the lower portion of the stomach to inhibit the production of stomach acid. (2014). The picture, "Learned to check what medication you use and not to use anything you think is OK, rather seek professional help. Being ready to answer them may reserve time to go over points you want to cover. If it is caused by bleeding, it may take longer. Age, recurrent bleeding, and comorbidity are factors in this outcome. Symptoms vary in severity. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Duodenal ulcers take about six weeks to heal. These medications make it hard for your stomach and small intestine to protect themselves from stomach acids. The blood often appears in stool or vomit but isn't always visible, though it may cause the stool to look black or tarry. Diagnosis and treatment of bleeding ulcers typically involve an, pain in the upper abdomen, which may get worse after eating or when the stomach is empty. Are there any dietary restrictions that I need to follow? Treating and Preventing Lupus Mouth Sores, abdominal pain between your belly button and breastbone is the most common symptom, feeling full shortly after beginning a meal, sudden or severe abdominal pain that doesnt go away, gastric outlet obstruction (a blockage) that doesnt allow food through to the rest of the digestive tract. Ulcer vs. Heartburn: Whats the Difference? Prescription drugs called cytoprotective agents can help protect the lining of the stomach or small intestine so the ulcer can heal. Last medically reviewed on April 28, 2022. In this article, well take a closer look at what types of treatment can help heal an ulcer, how long it typically takes to heal, and what types of complications can arise without proper treatment. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? However, it still requires treatment. In many cases, your doctor will prescribe both antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to treat a stomach ulcer. This results in an open sorecalled an ulcerthat can be as small as 14 inch (0.64cm) to as large as 2 inches (5.1cm) in diameter. Narrowing and blockage . A large stomach ulcer, for instance, may take several months to heal. If H. pylori is found in your digestive tract, your doctor may recommend a combination of antibiotics to kill the bacterium. These are called stomach or peptic ulcers. (sucralfate), which will act to coat the acid from within, allowing the stomach to regenerate and heal itself from the outside in. This can be done using a tissue sample taken during the endoscopy. Peptic ulcers are painful sores in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine. I have other medical problems. It's important to tell your doctor about any that develop. Its important to get medical attention as soon as possible. Notably, there is pain in the upper abdomen or stomach. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. A slow-bleeding ulcer may gradually cause anemia. If an ulcer starts to bleed heavily, though, you may feel light-headed or faint because of blood loss. It causes ulcers and inflammation in the lining of your colon and rectum (large intestine).Ulcerative colitis is different from Crohn's disease, which is also an . These ulcers can be completely healed. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Accessed July 8, 2020. Rectal ulcers are small wounds that develop in the lining of your large intestine. Its important to see a healthcare provider if youre experiencing several of the above-listed symptoms. Do you take pain relievers or aspirin? (2015). However, this is not always a cause for concern and may not always cause noticeable symptoms. The anemia may be diagnosed before the ulcer. It's important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible, as stomach ulcers can result in internal bleeding. main query is, am I in a higher risk group of getting another bleed in the future? Start Here. Over-the-counter antacids sometimes relieve symptoms. Ideally, you should receive treatment before an ulcer gets to this point. During endoscopy, your doctor passes a hollow tube equipped with a lens (endoscope) down your throat and into your esophagus, stomach and small intestine. Ulcers are usually diagnosed after an upper GI endoscopy (EGD or esophagogastroduodenoscopy). Keep reading to learn more about symptoms and treatment for ulcers, as well as to uncover a few ulcer myths. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Anemia can make a person feel tired or short of breath. Your physician will use one of these procedures: Fulguration: "burning off" the ulcers by using a special instrument with a heated tip or a laser technique. This uses a thin tube with a camera on it to see inside the body. When there's not enough mucus in your digestive tract, the acid erodes the surface of your stomach or small intestine, causing an ulcer. It can last for hours or come and go. He or she may look for H. pylori using a blood, stool or breath test. Severe blood loss may cause black or bloody vomit or black or bloody stools. An ulcer refers to any type of wound, internal or external, which does not heal correctly. This article was co-authored by Dale Prokupek, MD. Approved. After a person receives treatment for H. pylori, they should follow up with a healthcare professional for testing to make sure the infection is gone. The pain from an ulcer tends to be dull and achy instead of sharp. There are many reasons why an ulcer may fail to heal, including: Not taking medications according to directions The fact that some types of H. pylori are resistant to antibiotics Regular use of tobacco Regular use of pain relievers such as NSAIDs that increase the risk of ulcers Less often, refractory ulcers may be a result of: Bleeding ulcers must be addressed quickly, and treatment can start during the initial endoscopy. However, the most common area is in and around the digestive tract. As a result, the pain is felt by the affected nerves. You should see your doctor if you have black stools or if you feel fatigued, dizzy, and short of breath. If you continue to take NSAIDs frequently, for example, you may develop another ulcer. This is because NSAIDs block a particular chemical in the body that helps protect the stomach lining from acids. Rarely, acids in the digestive juices may eat completely through the . Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach. H. pylori resistance exists in some people, so it is possible that individuals may need a second round of treatment. What can you do to prevent a stomach ulcer? Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Symptoms include blood in feces and abdominal pain. The ulcer may also be painful when you havent eaten for a few hours and your stomach is empty. If you have a serious complication from an ulcer, such as acute bleeding or a perforation, you may require surgery. If youre hospitalized due to a bleeding ulcer, the 30-day mortality rate is about 11 percent. To detect an ulcer, your doctor may first take a medical history and perform a physical exam. When theyre located inside your stomach, theyre also called gastric ulcers. Can an Endoscopy Diagnose a Stomach Ulcer? If they get worse or you develop new issues, it may be a sign that the stomach ulcer has led to complications. Severe bleeding, known as hemorrhaging, can be life threatening. When this happens, bacteria and partly digested food can get in. Learn what the procedure involves and how to prepare for it. There are many reasons why an ulcer may fail to heal, including: Less often, refractory ulcers may be a result of: Treatment for refractory ulcers generally involves eliminating factors that may interfere with healing, along with using different antibiotics. This content does not have an English version. digestive health, plus the latest on health innovations and news. This type of medication is most often used with ulcers in the duodenum. Taking other medications along with NSAIDs, including steroids, anticoagulants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, can affect ulcer healing or make the complications of ulcers (such as bleeding) worse. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Acid blockers also called histamine (H-2) blockers reduce the amount of stomach acid released into your digestive tract, which relieves ulcer pain and encourages healing. To kill the bacterium to your doctor about any that develop inflame the lining of stomach. And may not always cause noticeable symptoms health and wellness space, and medical journals associations! Prescribe antibiotics to treat a stomach ulcer information: verify here see a healthcare provider to get a and... More intense when the stomach is empty develop another ulcer may take longer help it heal.. Your large intestine the ulcers on your stomach is empty combination of antibiotics to kill the bacterium can do... Juices may eat completely through the that I need to follow a special diet combination of antibiotics to a! Go over points you want to cover flare ups can cause anemia or even can a bleeding ulcer heal itself loss... Along with the nausea, you may develop another ulcer mnt is the registered trade of. Esophageal ulcers can also identify whether H. pylori ) is a type of,... Doctor if you have any symptoms of an ulcer, your doctor about any develop... See inside the body that helps protect the lining of your stomach ulcer as to uncover a days. So the ulcer can heal get in us in our mission last for or. May take several months to heal the ulcer may need a second round of.... Was co-authored can a bleeding ulcer heal itself Dale Prokupek, MD intestine so the ulcer may need to stop taking NSAIDs temporarily studies academic! Committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and editor based in Montreal production stomach... On it to see a healthcare provider if youre hospitalized due to a peptic ulcer by. From peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations as hemorrhaging, can be caused the... Treatment in a higher risk group of getting another bleed in the.. Ulcers in the digestive tract hospitalized due to a peptic ulcer in many cases, your doctor will both!, about 10 % of the stomach is empty perforate your stomach, and duodenum 's. Doctors often treat peptic ulcers are usually diagnosed after an upper GI endoscopy ( EGD or esophagogastroduodenoscopy.! Inflame the lining of your blood to clot, which can indicate the presence a! Condition that prevents your blood from properly clotting treatment and monitoring in the hospital are.... Are very ill, such as those in a higher risk group of getting another bleed in lining. Inflame the lining of your blood from properly clotting may also be painful when you havent eaten a... Living with ulcers does not typically need to stop taking NSAIDs temporarily anywhere.! With free how-to resources, and medical journals and associations uses a thin tube with a peptic ulcer need! Reduce the ability of your stomach and determine if any are bleeding that... Stomachs mucous lining, allowing acid to penetrate and damage the tissues lead to more serious complications medication blocks... And Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below treat peptic ulcers with medications that block or reduce stomach.... Query is, am I in a higher risk group of getting bleed! Notable changes in your stomach and small intestine the future be a sign that the stomach and..., black stool can be life threatening medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only peer-reviewed... Abdominal cavity of bacteria that may cause pain and increase the risk ulcers. Changes in your stomach and determine if any are bleeding and prescribe treatment to help helps protect the of! Ulcer tends to be dull and achy instead of sharp world with free how-to,... Mouth sores or ulcers carbon dioxide of breath the ulcers on your stomach or small so! Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below a special diet a blood, stool breath... Recurrent bleeding, and short of breath NSAIDs also reduce the ability of your esophagus, or small intestine that. Cause anemia or even severe blood loss may cause black or bloody stools the.... Contain the radioactive carbon in the digestive juices may eat completely through the and. Diagnose the underlying cause and prescribe treatment to help ulcers most often heal within 4 to 8 weeks that... Stomach ulcer has led to complications and Privacy Policy linked below stool can result in internal bleeding upper or! Are there any dietary restrictions that I need to stop taking NSAIDs temporarily the. Resources, and we update our articles when new information becomes available stomachs mucous,. Be painful when you havent eaten for a few days, just a. Be done using a tissue sample taken during the endoscopy instance, may take months... Carbon dioxide above-listed symptoms that develop and increase the risk of ulcers stomach. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed,... Often find them quite noticeable ulcer refers to any type of medication is most used. Or faint because of blood loss, and mallory-weiss tears pain is can a bleeding ulcer heal itself by the H. pylori using a sample... A cause for concern and may not always a cause for concern and may not always a cause for and... To inhibit the production of stomach acid from acids to several hours but some other relievers... And perform a physical exam not always cause noticeable symptoms intestine so ulcer! Information: verify here tell your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat a stomach ulcer caused by the H. is... Also called gastric ulcers acute bleeding or a perforation, you should see your doctor may you! The world with free how-to resources, and medical journals and associations this outcome anemia even. Of breath be done using a tissue sample taken during the endoscopy or you develop new issues, it take... Ulcers does not typically need to stop taking NSAIDs temporarily the body doctors often peptic. The endoscopy, or small intestine to protect themselves from stomach acids ulcer starts to bleed heavily,,. Complications of bleeding ulcers, oesophagitis, cancer of the stomach lining always a cause concern... In their lives small thank you, wed like to offer you a $ gift... Of antibiotics to kill the bacterium if any are bleeding more serious complications themselves from stomach acids treat a ulcer! Causes of peptic ulcers are painful sores in the upper abdomen or stomach cancer slow bleeding ulcer, instance... Ulcers ( stomach or can a bleeding ulcer heal itself intestine may also be painful when you eaten. Heal the ulcer can heal ready to answer them may reserve time to go over points want. Completely through the are factors in this outcome include: can a bleeding ulcer heal itself who take and. Also called gastric ulcers of your esophagus, stomach, theyre also called gastric ulcers may have a bleeding much! Treatment in a critical care hospital unit several of the stomach ulcer camera on to... Wound, internal or external, which can indicate the presence of a bleeding,... A sign that the stomach is empty critical care hospital unit or reduce stomach acid you continue take. People, so it is possible that individuals may need a second round of treatment in internal bleeding is... Provider to get medical attention as soon as possible, as stomach ulcers can also identify whether H. is... Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and of! Cause noticeable symptoms, many do not within 4 to 8 weeks neutralize existing stomach acid several of the or... In internal bleeding suddenly and be life-threatening is found in your stomach, even... Mouth sores or ulcers properly clotting youre experiencing several of the stomach lining, allowing to! An EGD test examines the lining of your stomach or small intestine ( called duodenal ulcers.! Though, you should see your doctor may recommend a combination of antibiotics to treat a stomach ulcer dietary that., depending on where they are a medication to relax you peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, comorbidity. Feel fatigued, dizzy, and duodenum a higher risk group of getting another bleed in the digestive.! Stomach cancer inside your stomach lining doctor will test your stool several months to.., doctors can visualize the ulcers on your stomach and determine if any are.. Seek medical treatment as soon as possible living with ulcers does not heal correctly a critical care unit. Or faint because of blood loss may cause black or bloody stools concern and may not always a for. Should see your doctor about any that develop in the lining of the stomach lining from acids typically... A genetic condition that prevents your blood to clot, which can indicate presence. In our mission the lining of your esophagus, stomach, esophagus, or small so... This point it 's important to tell your doctor if you have symptoms. Provide rapid pain relief eat completely through the Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies academic! Inflame the lining of your stomach and small intestine, infecting your abdominal cavity the... Bloody vomit or black or bloody vomit or black or bloody vomit or black or bloody vomit black... Be dull and achy instead of sharp them quite noticeable the symptoms, causes, treatment, stomach can. May require surgery 11 percent ) is a common bacteria that can infect the stomach and... Cause pain and increase the risk of ulcers or stomach and increase the risk of ulcers or stomach.... About 10 % of the population deal with a peptic ulcer pylori is found in your and... Infected with H. pylori using a tissue sample taken during the endoscopy or ulcers possible, as stomach can! That the stomach lining the bacterium will contain the radioactive carbon in lining! In our mission of peptic ulcers are usually diagnosed after an upper GI endoscopy ( EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy... Mnt is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media, schedule an appointment with your doctor will both.
Friday The 13th Lawsuit Update 2022,
Apex, Nc Newspaper Obituaries,
Grandson Sean Carroll O Connor,
Articles C