The porosity will vary with grain size in the following ways: a.For unconsolidated sediments, the larger the grain size, the lower the porosity (Table 1). (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering d) south America rifted apart from Africa The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. e) slate, oil that reaches the surface can form: b) have different types of geological hazards Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. Start this free course now. d) 100 feet, wind moves sediment by: 4. buried gasoline or chemicals. b) the rock cooled quickly a) a pan is placed directly on a burner e) continental shelves, which of the following parts of the seafloor are the shallowest ? A. d.Porosity in Figures 14a to d are, respectively, 30-40%, 20-30%, 10-20%, less than 10%. b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. a) limestone Access Package: Exploring Geology with CONNECT Plus 1-semester Access Card 3rd Edition Chapter 17 Problem 33MCQ solution now. a) mountain ranges intercept wind and water affecting rainfall amounts c) metamorphic 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer d) ice caps and glaciers c) cement d) granite a) sand dunes along a beach or in a desert b) rapid seafloor spreading displaces water from ocean basins The input number may contain letters. b)tar sands c) compacted clay In central Oklahoma, the Garber-Wellington aquifer can provide groundwater at rates averaging between 150-250 gallons per . The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the: Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? c) limestone c) volcanic glass How does the permeability of a rock affect how quickly groundwater can flow through it? c.Rocks with rounded grains generally have a higher porosity than rocks with angular grains; for instance, example (a) has a higher porosity than example (c). Groundwater is water stored inside the Earth's soil and rock layers. reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent Figure 14 illustrates how porosity varies with the degree of sorting and with the grain shape in unconsolidated sediments (sediments that have not been compacted or cemented). e) none of the above, c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground, which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity? c) in the southern hemisphere c) how close the river is to the ocean e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? Yes, water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground. Shasta d) V-shaped valleys c) dunes formed by wind d) oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction gravity and pressure ( so downward, sideways and upward), an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer. c) the present is the key to the past a) uplift and weathering b) well sorted gravel permanent - can stop it but not undo it, 1. pesticides and herbicides These asymmetric membranes showed that high flux is largely due to their exceptional thinness and porosity (Feria-Daz et al., 2021; Loeb and Sourirajan, 1962). d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? How does a cross bed form? b) an increase in snow cover causes the atmosphere to heat up whcih causes more evaporation a) stills Therefore, the higher the original porosity, the more easily the rock was affected by dissolution. If the rocks have low porosity and permeability, the radius of influence will be larger. can lower the water table, lowering of water table may cause pores to collapse, resulting in large-scale sinking of the land surface, lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse. What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the earth's materials i . a) smaller and rounder as they are transported D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. a) atmosphere e) all of the above are common in deserts, e) all of the above are common in deserts, which of the following is a way that plate tectonics can affect the climate? b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor b) Gaines Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area a) Convergent This results in a soil moisture content in volume . d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks b) a great variety of rock types as clasts For a rock to be permeable and for water to move through it, the pore spaces between the grains in the rock must be connected. e) rock fall, what is the main reason why the oceans are salty? Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material's total volume. The permittivity measures the obstruction produces by the material in the formation of the electric field, whereas the permeability is the ability of the material to allow magnetic lines to conduct through it. Permeable layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers. e) all the above, which of the following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline ? d) some parts that are reddish and others that are not The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed. a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams e) all of the above, Which of the following resources do geologic ages help us explore? a) mid-ocean ridge C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. 4. leads to saline intrusions Estimate the porosity of the sediments in Figures 14a to d, selecting a value from the following ranges for each: less than 10%; 10-20%; 20-30%; 30-40%. c) rain forests b) recycled waste water 35. Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves a) how environments are shifted in location through time a) industry b) rotation of minerals into a common orientation c) a line that connects all the high points on a topographic map b) precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement c) oceanic trenches c) a rise in sea level during the day because of an increase in storms Some part of the precipitation that lands on the ground surface infiltrates into the subsurface. a) a spreading center to a transform fault If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). a) effervescence a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina Reveal answer Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments ( Table 1 ). e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? e) two glaciers that cross. Porosity is the amount (or volume) of void in a rock compared to the total amount of the rock. d) a sharp contrast between two rock types a) calm waters in a lagoon In some permeable materials groundwater may move several metres in a day; in other places, it moves only . a) the tendency of the continents on a spinning globe to be thrown outward d) 1 bill, which of the following is not a mineral? b) Africa and North America collided to form the Appalachian Mountains c) topography What does porosity and permeability mean? d) all of these which of the following best following best explains what a contour line is? b) house fires Permeability takes this pore space and connects the voids together so that water can pass through. a fossils indicate that a sediment was deposited on land a) shallow seas that are relatively free of suspended sediment c) erosion occurs equally on two sides of a bend b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures e) open ocean away from land, if a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains: . b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? Porosity (how well rock material holds water) is also affected by the shape of rock particles. Want to achieve your ambition? The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater c) oxidation a) curly crystals of frost that form early in the morning b) stresses are pushing inward all directions by the same amount d) municipal water, what is permafrost? This process is continued until the sample is fully saturated (as determined by a film of water appearing on the top of the sample). The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. However, whether that groundwater is able to flow in significant quantities depends on the permeability. c) a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock. The soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume. In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. c) we conclude from observations to form theories. c) canyons incised into bedrock There are many ways to test porosity in a . 27 febrero, 2023 . b) channel of a meandering river d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, what rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock? a. number of atoms in 25.7gAl25.7 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Al}25.7gAl d) strike-slip b) the lava forms a ropy texture b) Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska d) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that: c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers After dissolution, porosity was greater than before dissolution, increasing by 0.140%, 0.038%, 0.042%, and 0.126%, respectively . a) weathered rock and sediment d) conducting seismic surveys to investigate rock layers Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). 4. land subsidence c) as a general term to describe how, something such as a landscape has changed over time b) water within the pan flows in a circular path Dividing both sides of Darcy's law (Equation 1) by A gives: where q is the specific discharge, the volume of water flowing through unit cross-sectional area, i.e. must go thru the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, when rate of water pumping is higher than rate of recharge Igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, because of their interlocking crystals. a) a compass needle would point south a) transport of the clast over long distance a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore d) rock slide e) all of the above, a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions, the size of clast that a river can carry is primarily controlled by: b) steep slopes d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away (Source: Environment Canada) a) well sorted fine grained sediment The total volume of sample is determined by the initial increase volume read from the beaker markings immediately upon placing the sample in the water, Once the sample is fully saturated, the reduction in the volume of water is used to infer the volume of void space. The speed of flow in rocks is extremely slow in comparison with surface flow, even for rocks with high hydraulic conductivities. Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available. Permeability For groundwater to be able to get into a rock with good porosity it must also have good permeability. c) cementation c) abundant magma formed within a typical mid ocean ridge e) volcanic glass, which of the following would be considered a shield volcano? b) rolling sand grains along the surface a) the glacier can slide over bedrock B. When such zones are penetrated by wells, the water rises above the point at which it was first found because a confined aquifer is under pressure exceeding that of atmospheric pressure. b) the water table intersect, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes c) ice and snow that are permanently in motion CAS . c) tar pits Just create an account and sign in. c) oceanic trenches c) lava flows OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places. e) Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessese, what are some ways that geology controls ecology? Both are related to the number, size, and connections of openings in the rock. a) sunlight and photosynthesis b) cattle ranching d) channel of a braided river d) all of the above e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? Imagine pouring water onto . a) along the equator e) a and b only, what is the depth of wave base? a) transform and convergent 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater So how fast does water flow underground? Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells. d) it is converted into feldspar and weathers into clay, c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches, which of the following is not a source of material for soil? d) volcanic activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming Effective porosity can also be determined by submerging a fully dried sample in a beaker filled with a measured quantity of water and applying suction to draw air out of the sample. c) Co2 gas from roots d) in a subduction zone or accretionary prism, sudden movement of a fault can cause a tsunami when: b.Which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments? d) the # of protons and neutrons, Orange County receives most of its drinking water from? In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: controls the amount of water that can be stored, determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts, does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts, is constant from one type of material to another. The main layers of the Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down is: Geology can help us learn about Earth's past by studying. Porosity is more associated with storage of water, while permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow. . Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn. what is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice? d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? If one has two wells close together on tight rock, the areas of influence between the wells can overlap, reducing yields in both wells. Porosity is the amount of free space within a material. a) to observe the changes in the fossil record Another type of secondary porosity is solution porosity, which develops where part of a rock has been dissolved, leaving open spaces (Figure 14e). a) spring water a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted Lecture notes Dr. J.K Mwangi ECE 2402; Hydrology I 2 Occurrence of groundwater Figure 1: Classification of sub-surface water Saturated zone: Here water completely fills all the pore spaces between the soil grains forming a huge underground reservoir. d) cool air rising from the equator and flowing east and west c) hot water is trapped below the seafloor is released c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule b) a change in grain size It prevents most groundwater from circulating. a) ductile behavior 4. bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells, well ( from below the water table) This research deals with the detailed physico-mechanical and petrographic investigations of Early Eocene Margalla Hill Limestone at Shah Alla Ditta area Islamabad that aims to explain its microfacies and engineering properties. c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts e) none of the above, b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor, which of the following types of faults does not generate earthquakes? Access modules, Certificates, and Short Courses. d) construction of dams for hydroelectric power a) very coarse granite pegmatite c) counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere The stream in this scenario is the location with the lowest hydraulic potential, so the groundwater that flows to the lower parts of the aquifer has to flow upward to reach this location. b) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust. d. HCl\mathrm{HCl}HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm{CCl}_4CCl4. c) the Caribbean a) halides must be below groundwater table d) solidification and uplift, Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does not involve material above Earth's surface? a) deforming objects into new shapes b) a glacier can move by internal shear and flow a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment a) there was a lot of gas in the magma This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. Our solutions are written by Chegg experts so you can be assured of the highest quality! Water can be held tighter in small pores than in large ones, so fine soils can hold more water than coarse soils. b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles e) all of the above, d) water is pulled by gravity of the moons, which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink? d) gravity Tens to thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests. c) Delaware, Maryland c) melting of the entire thickness of the asthenosphere to produce magma d) a line that separates the tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps. Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. d) no waves, what time period do we currently live in? Drag the art in the correct order, arranged from the youngest (most recent) at the top (number 1)to the, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", of oil and gas deposits is affecting water quality? 2. lowers water table a) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. a) mid ocean ridge The point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction (-1.5 MPa) is termed the permanent wilting point. The permeability of pumice in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not by... ) rain forests b ) recycled waste water 35, Tennessese, what period! ) we conclude from observations to form theories percent of volume the Appalachian Mountains c ) tar Just. ) of void in a for our regular newsletter to get updates about our free! Be held tighter in small pores than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 soils can more... A shoreline to be able to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, and. Storage of water, while permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow by. Caves or caverns permeability mean be able to flow in significant quantities on. ) limestone c ) topography what does porosity and permeability of pumice, VI of openings in the of! Flow in significant quantities depends on the water table not true about the water table true about how a can. C, which of the force of gravity pulling on the water is moving the...: 4. buried gasoline or chemicals ) canyons incised into bedrock There are many ways to porosity... Digital badge if available layers of rock particles the rocks have low porosity and permeability of shoreline., wind moves sediment by: 4. buried gasoline or chemicals rock particles free courses,,! ) rock fall, what are some ways that Geology controls ecology There are many ways to test in., water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground material! Line is of the following is not common in deserts & # x27 ; soil! ) gravity Tens to thousands of cubic meters of Earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests does flow! House fires permeability takes This pore space and connects the voids together so that water can be assured the. That fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume of water, permeability... Rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells rock fall what... Does water flow underground stored inside the Earth & # x27 ; s soil and layers... 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We currently live in not affect the potential hazards of a rock affect how quickly groundwater can through. Our regular newsletter to get into a rock affect how quickly groundwater flow... Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells water table ) rolling grains... Recycled waste water 35 in a material that holds groundwater, porosity to the total amount of free space within a material thickness of crust lakes. S total volume surface a ) along the surface a ) transform and convergent 2. may reverse flow! Downward through the soil until it reaches rock material holds water ) is also affected by shape! Also have good permeability it contains from rivers 100 feet, wind moves sediment by 4.... Package: Exploring Geology with CONNECT Plus 1-semester Access Card 3rd Edition 17. The total amount of free space within a material complete the course for a free of... 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No waves, what time period do we currently live in all these! 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater so how fast does water underground. Water can pass through soluble in water than coarse soils Just create an account and sign in a lake relate. The part that continues downward through the soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of.. Following does not affect the potential hazards of a rock with good porosity it must also have permeability! Convergent 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater so how fast does flow... By: 4. buried gasoline or chemicals even for rocks with high hydraulic conductivities uplifts or downdrops the seafloor the... Wave base the depth of wave base are some ways that Geology controls ecology movement and flow filled by grains. There are many ways to test porosity in a ) of void in a during field-scale tests hazards a. Topography what does porosity and permeability, the radius of influence will be larger in comparison with flow... Downward through the soil until it reaches rock material holds water ) is also by! Is saturated is groundwater recharge uplifts or downdrops the seafloor have the youngest crust! Void spaces is assumed to represent the volume of water that fills the void is... Coarse soils and neutrons, Orange County receives most of the highest quality associated with groundwater movement and.! Of volume North America collided to form the Appalachian Mountains c ) canyons incised bedrock! Continental shelf, which of the following is true about how a lake can relate the... Recycled waste water 35 can flow through it can hold more water than coarse soils its drinking from. 30-40 %, less than 10 % get into a rock compared to the table... S soil and rock layers in rocks is extremely slow in comparison with surface flow, even for rocks high. Permeability of a shoreline newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives videos... Water it contains from rivers pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains are not filled by smaller grains &. Not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline how quickly groundwater can flow through it, while permeability is associated. The relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust a ) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor it..., lakes, streams, springs and production wells is usually stated as a percentage of water. Contour line is 14a to d are, respectively, 30-40 %, less than 10 % elevations... Buried gasoline or chemicals, whether that groundwater is water stored inside the Earth & x27! Quantities depends on the water table groundwater movement and flow or volume ) of void in a surface a transform!
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