His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. [62], Wetherell says that the shortest explanation for his treason is that he "married the wrong person". Andr had spies and informers keeping track of Arnold to verify his movements. [1] Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". [18] On one of his voyages, he fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "damned Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". At critical moments Arnold inspired the Patriots with his grit and determination and earned the admiration of George Washington. [44], Arnold returned to the Hudson where General Gates had taken over command of the American army, which had retreated to a camp south of Stillwater. He was enrolled in a private school in nearby Canterbury, Connecticut, when he was 10, with the expectation that he would eventually attend Yale College. In 1787, he moved to Canada to run a merchant business with his sons Richard and Henry. She was a close friend of British major John Andr and kept in contact with him when he became head of the British espionage system in New York. Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now . [37] He also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton, two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. For his services he was restored to his proper relative rank. [91][92] This action did little damage besides giving the captain, Andrew Sutherland, a splinter in his nosebut the splinter prompted the Vulture to retreat,[93] forcing Andr to return to New York overland. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. Shutterstock Though one might guess that the dish was named for Benedict Arnold, the most famous traitor of the American Revolution, it was not. But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. My family have voted conservative in most elections. . He knew that he was distrusted and disliked by senior military officers on both sides. [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. Arnold was made a brigadier general in the British army. He is also believed to have built the first U.S. telescope. A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. She was the conduit for information to the British. [63][64], Arnold had an extremely ambitious and jealous personality. He also faced financial ruin, falling 16,000[b] in debt with creditors spreading rumors of his insolvency, to the point where he took legal action against them. [143], The Boot Monument at Saratoga National Historical Park pays tribute to Arnold but does not mention his name. On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. [137] A moralistic children's tale entitled "The Cruel Boy" was widely circulated in the 19th century. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. In that era, people ate most of the common foods without. Omissions? "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. [41], Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to discuss his future when he was alerted that a British force was marching toward a supply depot in Danbury, Connecticut. In 1763, he repaid money that he had borrowed from the Lathrops,[17] repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. He led the British army in battle against the soldiers whom he had once commanded, after which his name became, and has remained, synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.[2]. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. [103], Washington remained calm when he was presented with evidence of Arnold's treason. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. [106] This activity brought out Virginia's militia led by Colonel Sampson Mathews, and Arnold eventually retreated to Portsmouth to be reinforced or to evacuate. The two-story edifice occupied a lot on the west side of Market between East Main and Division Streets. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. [114] His reputation also came under criticism in the British press, especially when compared to Major Andr who was celebrated for his patriotism. 1.Saint Benedict was a teenager when he became a monk. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. Arnold escaped; Andr was hanged. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. [142] His descendants are spread across Canada, most of all those of John Sage, who adopted the Arnold surname. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. He died, age 60, and was buried in London. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". His father was a successful businessman and young Benedict had a comfortable childhood. Arnold was born in Connecticut. He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. This plan very nearly succeeded, but Arnold changed living quarters prior to sailing for Virginia in December and thus avoided capture. . [90], Arnold and Andr finally met on September 21 at the Joshua Hett Smith House. In his martial success, he became the target of jealous mediocrities. The fort was finally captured by the British in 1759. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Hero And Villain,", Julie Courtwright, "Whom Can We Trust Now? Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. AD 1781, when the British, under the command of the Traitor Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton and spread desolation and woe throughout the region. While there, he disentangled himself from a lawsuit over an unpaid debt that Peggy had been fighting while he was away, paying 900[b] to settle a 12,000[b] loan that he had taken while living in Philadelphia. The prisoner seemed suprised to see the gallows, but walked calmy toward it. He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. He presided over the rear of the Continental Army during its retreat from Saint-Jean, where he was reported by James Wilkinson to be the last person to leave before the British arrived. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. "[115], In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, where they speculated in land and established a business doing trade with the West Indies. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. Arnold immediately hastened to the shore and ordered bargemen to row him downriver to where HMS Vulture was anchored, fleeing on it to New York City. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. The Hudson River Chain today While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. Benedict Arnold's reasons for betraying America were extraordinarily complex. 0:00. The band played a funeral march. The house where Arnold lived at 62 Gloucester Place in central London bears a plaque describing him as an "American Patriot". See the fact file below for more information on . [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. As a young man, Arnold. Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. The first major biography of his life was The Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, published in 1832 by historian Jared Sparks; it was particularly harsh in showing how Arnold's treacherous character was formed out of childhood experiences. Wallace, Willard M. "Benedict Arnold: Traitorous Patriot." [55], Arnold lived extravagantly in Philadelphia and was a prominent figure on the social scene. [27] Their son Benedict was born the following year[28] and was followed by brothers Richard in 1769 and Henry in 1772. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? Many historians see her as having facilitated Arnold's plans to switch sides; he opened secret negotiations with her friend Andr, and she relayed their messages to each other. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. After the war, he petitioned to have Vermont become a state. [82] When he reached Connecticut, Arnold arranged to sell his home there and began transferring assets to London through intermediaries in New York. [39] He took the opportunity to visit his children while near his home in New Haven, and he spent much of the winter socializing in Boston, where he unsuccessfully courted a young belle named Betsy Deblois. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. [84], Arnold next wrote a series of letters to Clinton, even before he might have expected a response to the July 7 letter. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. [75], Arnold's court martial on charges of profiteering began meeting on June 1, 1779, but it was delayed until December 1779 by Clinton's capture of Stony Point, New York, throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold led the attack at the British Fort of Ticonderoga. He was imprisoned by French authorities on Guadeloupe amid accusations of spying for the British, and narrowly eluded hanging by escaping to the blockading British fleet after bribing his guards. In December 1780, Arnold was given command of British forces sent to raid Virginia. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . Arnold was rebuffed by Congress and by local authorities in requests for security details for himself and his in-laws. Needed repairs were never ordered on the chain across the Hudson. It just doesn't respect it", "Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath of Treason", "Saratoga National Historical Park Activities", "Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7", links to primary sources about Benedict Arnold before and after his treason, Arnold, Benedict (17411801), army officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Arnold&oldid=1139478021, 18th-century American non-fiction writers, American expatriates in the United Kingdom, British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British people of the French Revolutionary Wars, British spies during the American Revolution, Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut militiamen in the American Revolution, Continental Army officers from Connecticut, Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed, Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut, People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Benedict Arnold (17681795) (Captain, British Army in Jamaica), Henry Arnold (17721826) (Lieutenant, American Legion cavalry), Edward Shippen Arnold (17801813) (Lieutenant, British Army in India; see, James Robertson Arnold (17811854) (Lieutenant General, Royal Engineers), George Arnold (17871828) (Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd (or 7th) Bengal Cavalry). Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. [109] They also attacked and captured Fort Griswold across the river in Groton, Connecticut, slaughtering the Americans after they surrendered following the Battle of Groton Heightsand all these deeds were done just a few miles down the Thames River from Norwich, where Arnold grew up. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [98], Arnold learned of Andr's capture the morning of September 24 while waiting for Washington, with whom he was going to have breakfast at his headquarters in British Col. Beverley Robinson's former summer house on the east bank of the Hudson. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . Arnold commanded the army only until May 20, when Lord Cornwallis arrived with the southern army and took over. [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. [citation needed], He then continued on to Philadelphia where he met with members of Congress about his rank. For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). When his British contact, Maj. John Andr, was captured by the Americans, Arnold escaped on a British ship, leaving Andr to be hanged as a spy. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. In 1775, when the war began, he was a merchant operating ships in the Atlantic Ocean. Clinton was uninterested in most of his aggressive ideas, but finally authorized him to raid the port of New London, Connecticut. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. They had no reason to suspect that Gen. Benedict Arnold, the new commander of the post, would be less than a gracious host. His company marched northeast the following month to assist in the siege of Boston that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord. He dared not tell me his name. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. Major-General Nathanael Greene (August 7 [O.S. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. He joined the growing American army outside of Boston, and distinguished himself by acts that demonstrated intelligence and bravery: In 1775, he captured Fort Ticonderoga. Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. He began to drink heavily, and . His father's alcoholism worsened after her death, and the youth took on the responsibility of supporting his father and younger sister. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. He engaged in a variety of business deals designed to profit from war-related supply movements and benefiting from the protection of his authority. Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. [87], Once Arnold established himself at West Point, he began systematically weakening its defenses and military strength. We largely don't even know who he is. After Arnold was forced to drop out of private school for lack of money, he entered into an apprenticeship with Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, two of his mother's cousins. According to W. D. Wetherell, he was: [A]mong the hardest human beings to understand in American history. Arnold was planning to surrender the fort there to British forces, but the plot was discovered in September 1780, whereupon he fled to the British lines. To raise money, he violated several state and military regulations, arousing the suspicions and, finally, the denunciations of Pennsylvanias supreme executive council. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". [50] There he participated in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, along with many other soldiers, as a sign of loyalty to the United States.[51]. He was the second of the couple's six children. In 1780, when "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" episode takes place, Rittenhouse in real life was treasurer of Pennsylvania. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. 3 January 1740][1][a] June 14, 1801) was an American-born military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He was named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold who was once governor of the colony of Connecticut. After his leg healed, Benedict Arnold was named Military Governor of Philadelphia. However, Arnold was a prominent figure in the American Revolution and, for a time, was a distinguished war hero who simply became . The absent name is Benedict Arnold, a name now synonymous with "traitor." Many Americans understand why his name has been erased from the chapel of the garrison he once commanded. Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. For several years before he . 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